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Ivan Israelstam
The central reason that a presiding officer (PO) attends a disciplinary hearing is to hear and understand the evidence from both sides. The PO must hear this evidence properly in order to be able to consider it once the hearing is adjourned for purposes of a verdict. The PO then assesses evidence collected at the hearing in order to decide whether the employee is guilty or not guilty of the charges.
Later in the process, if the verdict is guilty, the PO must decide on the corrective action most appropriate to the circumstances. But this key task is more difficult to achieve if the PO's collecting of evidence is hampered. Such obstacles could, for example, include the absence of key participants, unjustified objections, unnecessary adjournments and disruptive behaviour by the parties at the disciplinary hearing.
Absence of key particulars - Participants in a disciplinary hearing would typically include: The presiding officer, the accused, the accused's representative, the complainant (person bringing the charges on behalf of the employer), an interpreter (where required), witnesses and a scribe.
Sometimes an HR adviser also attends for procedural reasons. Where the accused fails to attend, continuation of the hearing in his/her absence should be considered as a possibility only if it is established that the employee has chosen not to attend without good reason. The employer must, at the outset, ensure that the accused's representative and witnesses are released from duty to be at the hearing.
The employer must also offer to arrange for an appropriate interpreter if the hearing is not being conducted in the accused's home language. Objections - Where parties raise procedural objections the PO must give these serious consideration, assess their validity and deal with those problems that merit correction.
Adjournments - Such interruptions may be necessary where parties need time to consider responses to issues raised during the hearing. POs need to be expertly trained to know how to evaluate each such request, and to decide whether it would be proper to grant them or not.
Also, POs might themselves need adjournments, in order, for example, to consider objections or proposals raised by the parties. Disruptive behaviour - Complainants seldom, if ever, behave intentionally disruptively during disciplinary hearings because an orderly hearing is in the best interests of their goal to prove the employee guilty.
Therefore, while the complainants might use underhand tricks, disruption of the process is unlikely to be among them. However, where the accused and his/her representative know that he/she is guilty, and that they have no legitimate way of defending the charges, it may happen that they use disruptive tactics such as walk-outs, shouting, threats, hammering the table or toyi toyi-ing.
Such parties trade on the fact that the accused has a basic right to be present at his/her hearing and for his/her representative to be present as well. They may behave badly in the hope of either having the hearing scrapped altogether, or with the aim of getting evicted from the proceedings. Such eviction could then be used at the CCMA as grounds for procedurally unfair dismissal. Only properly skilled POs will be able to deal with such disruptive tactics.
On the other hand, untrained POs may mishandle such behaviour in the following ways:
- Try to ignore the disruptions regardless of the harm they cause. A danger of this approach is that the complainant could be distracted from presenting a full and fair case. Also, witnesses could feel intimidated and the PO could lose concentration.
- Lose his/her temper and become abusive, thereby adding to the disruption. This is unprofessional and plays into the hands of the perpetrators.
- Immediately evict the accused or representative. This would be too hasty a remedy and could result in the employee succeeding at the CCMA with an unfair dismissal case.
While lack of space does not allow elaboration, POs need to be given intensive training on hearing control strategy. Such strategy includes a graduated, cautious yet firm and effective approach towards ensuring an orderly and evidence-friendly disciplinary hearing.
- Ivan Israelstam is chief executive of Labour Law Management Consulting. Contact him on 011- 888-7944 or
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- Our appreciation to Ivan and The Star newspaper for permission to publish this article…
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