BCEA 1A

Provided by the department of Labour

(Regulation 2)

 BASIC CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT ACT, 1997

SUMMARY TO BE KEPT BY AN EMPLOYER IN TERMS OF SECTION 30

 The following is a summary of the provisions of the most important sections of the Basic Conditions of Employment Act, 1997, as amended.

APPLICATION OF THE ACT : SECTION 3

The Act applies to all employees and employers except members of the National Defence Force, National Intelligence Agency, South African Secret Service and unpaid volunteers working for an organisation with a charitable purpose.

The basic conditions of employment contained in the Act form part of the contract of employment of employees covered by the Act.  Some, but not all, basic conditions of employment may be varied by individual or collective agreements in accordance with the provisions of the Act. (see paragraph 7 below).

REGULATION OF WORKING TIME : CHAPTER TWO

2.1       Application

This chapter does not apply to senior managerial employees, employees engaged as sales staff who travel and employees who work less than 24 hours a month.

2.2       Ordinary hours of work : Section 9

No employer shall require or permit an employee to work more than¾

(a)   45 hours in any week;

(b)   nine hours in any day if an employee works for five days or less in a week; or

(c)   eight hours in any day if an employee works on more than five days in a week.

2.3       Overtime : Section 10

2.3.1   An employer may not require or permit an employee¾

(a)   to work overtime except by an agreement;

(b)   to work more than ten hours’ overtime a week.  

2.3.2   An agreement may not require or permit an employee to work more than 12 hours on any day.

2.3.3   A collective agreement may increase overtime to fifteen hours per week for up to two months in any period of 12 months.

2.3.4   Overtime must be paid at 1.5 times the employee’s normal wage or an employee may agree to receive paid time off.

2.4       Compressed working week : Section 11

2.4.1   An employee may agree in writing to work up to 12 hours in a day without receiving overtime pay.

2.4.2   This agreement may not require or permit an employee to work¾

(a)               more than 45 ordinary hours in any week;

(b)               more than ten hours’ overtime in any week; or

(c)               more than five days in any week.

2.5       Averaging of hours of work : Section 12

2.5.1   A collective agreement may permit the hours of work to be averaged over a period of up to four months.

2.5.2   An employee who is bound by such a collective agreement may not work more than¾

(a)   an average of 45 ordinary hours in a week over the agreed period;

(b)   an average of five hours’ overtime in a week over the agreed period.

2.6       Meal intervals : Section 14

2.6.1       An employee must have a meal interval of 60 minutes after five hours work.

2.6.2   A written agreement may¾

(a)   reduce the meal interval to 30 minutes;

(b)   dispense with the meal interval for employees who work fewer than six hours on a day.

2.7       Daily and weekly rest period : Section 15

An employee must have a daily rest period of 12 consecutive hours and a weekly rest period of 36 consecutive hours, which, unless otherwise agreed, must include Sunday.

2.8       Pay for work on Sundays : Section 16

2.8.1       An employee who occasionally works on a Sunday must receive double pay.  

2.8.2       An employee who ordinarily works on a Sunday must be paid at 1.5 times the normal wage.

2.8.3   Paid time off in return for working on a Sunday may be agreed upon.

2.9       Night work : Section 17

2.9.1       Employees who work at night between 18h00 and 06h00 must be compensated by payment of an allowance or by a reduction of working hours and transport must be available.

2.9.2       Employees who work regularly after 23:00 and before 06:00 the next day must be informed¾

(a)      of any health and safety hazards; and

(b)      the right to undergo a medical examination. 

2.10    Public holidays : Section 18

2.10.1 Employees must be paid their ordinary pay for any public holiday that falls on a working day.

2.10.2  Work on a public holiday is by agreement and paid at double the rate.

2.10.3 A public holiday may be exchanged with another day by agreement.

3.         LEAVE : CHAPTER THREE

3.1             Application

The chapter on leave does not apply to an employee who works less than 24 hours a month for an employer and to leave granted in excess of the leave entitlement under this chapter.

3.2       Annual leave : Sections 20 & 21

3.2.1   Employees are entitled to 21 consecutive days’ annual leave or by agreement, one day for every 17 days worked or one hour for every 17 hours worked.

3.2.2   Leave must be granted not later than six months after the end of the annual leave cycle.

3.2.3   An employer must not pay an employee instead of granting leave except on termination of employment.

3.3       Sick leave : Sections 22 – 24

3.3.1   An employee is entitled to six weeks’ paid sick leave in a period of 36 months.

3.3.2   During the first six months an employee is entitled to one day’s paid sick leave for every 26 days worked.

3.3.3   An employer may require a medical certificate before paying an employee who is absent for more than two consecutive days or who is frequently absent.

3.4       Maternity leave : Sections 25 & 26

3.4.1       A pregnant employee is entitled to four consecutive months’ maternity leave.

3.4.2   A pregnant employee or employee nursing her child is not allowed to perform work that is hazardous to her or her child.

3.5       Family responsibility leave : Section 27

3.5.1   Full time employees are entitled to three days paid family responsibility leave per year, on request, when the employee’s child is born or sick, or in the event of the death of the employee’s spouse or life partner, or the employee’s parent, adoptive parent, grandparent, child, adopted child, grandchild or sibling.

3.5.2   An employer may require reasonable proof.

4.         PARTICULARS OF EMPLOYMENT AND REMUNERATION : CHAPTER FOUR

4.1       Application

This chapter does not apply to an employee who works less than 24 hours a month for an employer.

4.2       Written particulars of employment : Section 29

4.2.1   An employer must supply an employee when the employee commences employment, with the following particulars in writing: 

(a)   full name and address of the employer;

(b)   name and occupation of the employee, or a brief description of the work ;

(c)   various places of work;

(d)   date of employment;

(e)   ordinary hours of work and days of work;

(f)     wage or the rate and method of calculating;

(g)   rate for overtime work;

(h)   any other cash payments;

(i)     any payment in kind and the value thereof;

(j)      frequency of remuneration;

(k)   Any deductions;

(l)      leave entitlement;

(m) period of notice or period of contract;

(n)   description of any council or sectoral determination which covers the employer’s business;

(o)   period of employment with a previous employer that counts towards the period of employment;

(p)   list of any other documents that form part of the contract, indicating a place where a copy of each may be obtained.

 4.2.2   Particulars must be revised if the terms of employment change.

 4.3       Informing employees of their rights : Section 30

A statement of employees’ rights must be displayed at the workplace in official languages used at the workplace.

4.4       Keeping of records : Section 31

Every employer must keep a record containing the following information:

(a)   employee’s name and occupation;

(b)   time worked;

(c)   remuneration paid;

(d)   date of birth if under 18 years of age; and

(e)   any other prescribed information.

4.5       Information about remuneration : Section 33

The following information must be given in writing when the employee is paid:

(a)          employer’s name and address;

(b)          employee’s name and occupation;

(c)          period of payment;

(d)          remuneration in money;

(e)          any deduction made from the remuneration;

(f)            the actual amount paid; and

(g)          if relevant to the calculation of that employee’s remuneration-

(i)            employee’s rate of remuneration and overtime rate;

(ii)     number of ordinary and overtime hours worked during the period of payment;

(i)            number of hours worked on a Sunday or public holiday during that period; and

(ii)          if an agreement to average working time has been concluded, the total number of ordinary and overtime hours worked in the period of averaging.     

4.6       Deductions and other acts concerning remuneration : Sections 34 and 34A

4.6.1   An employer may not deduct money from an employee’s remuneration unless –

(a)               The employee agrees in writing to the deduction of a specific debt;

(b)               The deduction is made in terms of a collective agreement, law, court order or arbitration award

4.6.2   A deduction in respect of damage or loss caused by the employee may only be made with agreement and after the employer has followed a fair procedure 

4.6.3   Employers must pay deductions and employer contributions to benefit funds to the fund within seven days. 

4.7       Calculation of remuneration and wages : Section 35  

4.7.1   Wages are calculated by the number of hours ordinarily worked. 

4.7.2   Monthly remuneration or wage is four and one-third times the weekly wage. 

4.7.3   If calculated on a basis other than time, or if the employee’s remuneration or wage fluctuates significantly from period to period, any payment must be calculated by reference to remuneration or wage during¾

(a)  the preceding 13 weeks; or

(c)  if employed for a shorter period, that period. 

4.7.4       Employers and employees should consult a schedule published in the Government Gazette to determine whether a particular category of payment forms part of an employee’s remuneration for the purpose of calculations made in terms of this Act. 

 5.        TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT : CHAPTER FIVE 

5.1             Application 

This chapter does not apply to an employee who works less than 24 hours in a month for an employer. 

5.2       Notice of termination of employment : Section 37  

5.2.1   A contract of employment may be terminated on notice of not less than¾

(a)  one week, if the employee has been employed for six months  or less;

(b)  two weeks, if the employee has been employed for more than six months but not more than one year;

(c)  four weeks, if the employee has been employed for one year or more, or if a farm worker or domestic worker has been employed for more than six months. 

5.2.2       A collective agreement may shorten the four weeks notice period to not less than two weeks.

 5.2.3   Notice must be given in writing except when it is given by an illiterate employee.

 5.2.4   The notice on termination of employment by an employer in terms of the Act does not prevent the employee challenging the fairness or lawfulness of the dismissal in terms of the Labour Relations Act, 1995 or any other law.

 5.3       Severance pay : Section 41

An employee dismissed for operational requirements or whose contract of employment is terminated in terms of section 38 of the Insolvency Act, 1936 is entitled to one week’s severance pay for every year of service.

5.4       Certificate of Service : Section 42

On termination of employment an employee is entitled to a certificate of service.

6.         PROHIBITION OF EMPLOYMENT OF CHILDREN AND FORCED LABOUR : SECTIONS 43 – 48

6.1       It is a criminal offence to employ a child under 15 years of age.

6.2       Children under 18 may not be employed to do work inappropriate for their age or that places them at risk.

6.3       Causing, demanding or requiring forced labour is a criminal offence.

7.         VARIATION OF BASIC CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT : SECTIONS 49 – 50 

7.1      A collective agreement concluded by a bargaining council may replace or exclude any basic condition of employment except the following:

(a)     the duty to arrange working time with regard to the health and safety and family responsibility of employees (S.7,9 and 13);

(b)     reduce the protection afforded to employees who perform night work(S. 17(3) and (4));

(c)      reduce annual leave to less than two weeks (S. 20);

(d)     reduce entitlement to maternity leave (S 25);

(e)     reduce entitlement to sick leave to the extent permitted (S. 22-24); and

(f)        prohibition of child and forced labour (S.48).

7.2       Collective agreements and individual agreements may only replace or exclude basic conditions of employment to the extent permitted by the Act or a sectoral determination (S.49).  

7.3      The Minister of Labour may make a determination to vary or exclude a basic condition of employment. This can also be done on application by an employer or employer organisation (S. 50).  

7.4      A determination may not be granted unless a trade union representing the employees has consented to the variation or has had the opportunity to make representations to the Minister.  A copy of any determination must be displayed by the employer at the work place and must be made available to employee’s (S.50). 

8.         SECTORAL DETERMINATIONS : SECTION 51 

Sectoral determinations may be made to establish basic conditions for employees in a sector and area.

 9 MONITORING, ENFORCEMENT AND LEGAL PROCEEDINGS : SECTIONS 63 – 81

9.1      Labour inspectors must advise employees and employers on their rights and obligations in terms of employment laws.  They conduct inspections, investigate complaints and may question persons and inspect, copy and remove records and other relevant documents (S. 64 – 66).

9.2       An inspector may serve a compliance order on an employer who is not complying with a provision of the Act.  The employer may object against the order to the Director-General: Labour, who after receiving representations, may confirm, modify or set aside an order.  This decision is subject to appeal to the Labour Court (S. 68 – 73). 

9.3             Employees may not be discriminated against for exercising their rights in terms of the Act  (S. 78 – 81).

10.               PRESUMPTION AS TO WHO IS AN EMPLOYEE  : SECTION 83A

 10.1    A person who works for, or provides services to, another person is presumed to be an employee if

(a)    his or her manner or hours of work are subject to control or direction;

(b)    he or she forms part of the employer’s organisation;

(c)    he or she has worked for the other person for at least 40 hours per month over the previous three months;

(d)    he or she is economically dependant on the other person;

(e)    he or she is provided with his or her tools or work equipment; or

(f)      he or she only works for, or renders service to, one person.

 10.2    If one of these factors is present, the person is presumed to be an employee until the employer proves that he or she is not. 

11.       GENERAL

It is an offence to¾

(a)   obstruct or attempt to influence improperly a person who is performing a function in terms of the Act;

(b)   obtain or attempt to obtain any prescribed document by means of fraud, false pretences, or by presenting or submitting a false or forged document;

(c)   pretend to be a labour inspector or any other person performing a function in terms of the Act;

(d)   refuse or fail to answer fully any lawful question put by a labour inspector or any other person performing a function in terms of the Act;

(e)   refuse or fail to comply with any lawful request of, or lawful order by, a labour inspector or any other person performing a function in terms of the Act;

(f)     hinder or obstruct a labour inspector or any other person performing a function in terms of the Act.

       (S. 92)

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